Chidule:Turbocharger ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri komanso imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri zopangira mphamvu ya injini ya dizilo.Pamene mphamvu yowonjezereka ikuwonjezeka, mphamvu ya injini ya dizilo imawonjezeka mofanana.Choncho, pamene turbocharger ntchito abnormal kapena kulephera, izo zidzakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya injini dizilo.Malinga ndi kafukufuku, zapezeka kuti kulephera kwa turbocharger kuli pakati pa kulephera kwa injini ya dizilo m'zaka zaposachedwa Zimawerengera gawo lalikulu.Pali kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.Zina mwa izo, kutsika kwa kuthamanga, kuthamanga, ndi kutuluka kwa mafuta ndizofala kwambiri, komanso zimakhala zovulaza kwambiri.Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana pa mfundo yoyendetsera injini ya dizilo, kugwiritsa ntchito supercharger pokonza, ndi chiweruzo cha kulephera, ndiyeno kusanthula zifukwa zongopeka za kulephera kwa supercharger mozama, ndikupereka zifukwa zina zomwe zimayambitsa zochitika zenizeni. ndi njira zothetsera mavuto.
Mawu osakira:injini ya dizilo;turbocharger;kompresa
Choyamba, Supercharger imagwira ntchito
Supercharger yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotulutsa injini ndiyoipa, kusinthasintha kwa turbine kuyendetsa makina opangira makina kumazungulira mothamanga kwambiri coaxial ndikufulumizitsidwa ndi chitetezo choteteza nyumba ya kompresa ndi mpweya wa kompresa ku injini Silinda imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa silinda kuti kuwonjezera mphamvu ya injini.
Chachiwiri, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza turbocharger
Supercharger ikugwira ntchito pa liwiro lalikulu, kutentha kwambiri, kutentha kwa turbine polowera kumatha kufika 650 ℃, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ntchito.
1. Kwa ma turbocharger omwe angotsegulidwa kumene kapena okonzedwa, gwiritsani ntchito manja kuti musinthe rotor musanayike kuti muwone kuzungulira kwa rotor.Nthawi zonse, rotor iyenera kusinthasintha mwachangu komanso mosasunthika, popanda kugwedezeka kapena phokoso lachilendo.Yang'anani chitoliro cholowetsa cha kompresa ndi ngati pali zinyalala mu chitoliro cha utsi wa injini.Ngati pali zinyalala, ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino.Yang'anani ngati mafuta opaka aipitsidwa kapena awonongeka ndipo ayenera kusinthidwa ndi mafuta opaka atsopano.Mukasintha mafuta odzola atsopano, yang'anani fyuluta yamafuta opaka, yeretsani kapena sinthani chinthu chatsopanocho.Mukasintha kapena kuyeretsa chosefera, fyulutayo iyenera kudzazidwa ndi mafuta oyera opaka mafuta.Yang'anani polowera mafuta ndikubwezeretsa mapaipi a turbocharger.Pasakhale kupotoza, kufutukuka, kapena kutsekereza.
2. Supercharger iyenera kukhazikitsidwa molondola, ndipo kugwirizana pakati pa mipope yolowera ndi kutulutsa mpweya ndi bracket ya supercharger iyenera kusindikizidwa mwamphamvu.Chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha pamene chitoliro chotulutsa chimagwira ntchito, zolumikizira wamba zimalumikizidwa ndi mvuto.
3. Kuyika kwa injini yamafuta a supercharger, tcherani khutu pakulumikiza payipi yopaka mafuta kuti njira yamafuta opaka mafuta isatsekeke.Kuthamanga kwa mafuta kumasungidwa pa 200-400 kPa panthawi ya ntchito yabwino.Pamene injini ikugwira ntchito, mphamvu yolowera mafuta ya turbocharger siyenera kutsika kuposa 80 kPa.
4. Kanikizani payipi yozizirira kuti madzi ozizira azikhala oyera komanso osatsekeka.
5. Lumikizani fyuluta ya mpweya ndikuyisunga yoyera.Kutsika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kosasokoneza sikuyenera kupitirira 500 mm mercury column, chifukwa kutsika kwamphamvu kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azituluka mu turbocharger.
6. Malingana ndi chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya, chitoliro chotulutsa kunja ndi muffler, mawonekedwe wamba ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira.
7. Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wa turbine sayenera kupitirira madigiri 650 Celsius.Ngati kutentha kwa gasi wotopa kwapezeka kuti ndikokwera kwambiri ndipo volute ikuwoneka yofiira, imani nthawi yomweyo kuti mupeze chifukwa.
8. injini ikayamba, tcherani khutu ku kukanikiza kolowera kwa turbocharger.Payenera kukhala kuwonetsa kuthamanga mkati mwa masekondi atatu, apo ayi turbocharger idzayaka chifukwa chosowa mafuta.Injini ikayamba, iyenera kuyendetsedwa popanda katundu kuti isunge kuthamanga kwamafuta opaka komanso kutentha.Itha kuyendetsedwa ndi katundu pokhapokha ngati ili yabwinobwino.Kutentha kukakhala kocheperako, nthawi yopumira iyenera kukulitsidwa moyenera.
9. Yang'anani ndikuchotsa phokoso lachilendo ndi kugwedezeka kwa supercharger nthawi iliyonse.Yang'anani kuthamanga ndi kutentha kwa mafuta opaka mafuta a turbocharger nthawi iliyonse.Kutentha kwa turbine polowera sikudutsa zomwe zanenedwa.Ngati pali vuto lililonse, makinawo azitsekedwa kuti adziwe chomwe chayambitsa ndikuchichotsa.
10. Pamene injini ili pa liwiro lapamwamba ndi katundu wodzaza, ndizoletsedwa kuyimitsa nthawi yomweyo pokhapokha ngati pali ngozi.Liwiro liyenera kuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono kuti muchotse katunduyo.Kenako siyani popanda katundu kwa mphindi 5 kupewa kuwonongeka kwa turbocharger chifukwa cha kutenthedwa ndi kusowa kwa mafuta.
11. Onani ngati mapaipi olowera ndi otuluka a kompresa ali bwino.Ngati pali kuphulika ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya, chotsani panthawi yake.Chifukwa ngati chitoliro cholowera cha kompresa chasweka.Mpweya udzalowa mu compressor kuchokera pakuphulika.Zinyalala zidzawononga gudumu la kompresa, ndipo chitoliro chotulutsa kompresa chimaphulika ndikutuluka, zomwe zingayambitse mpweya wosakwanira kulowa mu silinda ya injini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyaka.
12. Yang'anani ngati mapaipi olowera ndi otulutsira mafuta a turbocharger ali osalimba, ndipo chotsani kutayikira kulikonse munthawi yake.
13. Yang'anani mabawuti omangirira ndi mtedza wa turbocharger.Ngati mabawuti asuntha, turbocharger imawonongeka chifukwa cha kugwedezeka.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuthamanga kwa turbocharger kudzachepa chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa dziwe la gasi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya usakwanire.
Chachitatu, kusanthula ndi njira zothetsera mavuto omwe wamba a turbocharger
1. Turbocharger sisintha mozungulira.
CHIZINDIKIRO.Kutentha kwa injini ya dizilo kukakhala kotsika, chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya chimatulutsa utsi woyera, ndipo kutentha kwa injini kukakwera kwambiri, chitoliro cha utsi chimatulutsa utsi wakuda, ndipo mbali ina ya utsiwo imatuluka n’kumayenda mozungulira, ndipo mbali ina ya utsiyo imachuluka kwambiri. kutulutsidwa pamwamba.
KUYENDERA.Injini ya dizilo ikayimitsidwa, mverani nthawi yozungulira yozungulira ya supercharger ndi ndodo yowunikira, ndipo rotor wamba imatha kupitiliza kuzungulira yokha kwa mphindi imodzi.Kupyolera mu kuyang'anira, zinapezeka kuti turbocharger yakumbuyo inangotembenuka yokha kwa masekondi angapo ndikuyima.Pambuyo kuchotsa turbocharger kumbuyo, anapeza kuti panali wandiweyani carbon deposit mu turbine ndi volute.
KUSANGALALA.Kusinthasintha kosasinthika kwa turbocharger kumabweretsa mizere ya masilinda omwe amakhala ndi mpweya wocheperako komanso chiŵerengero chochepa cha kuponderezana.Pamene kutentha kwa injini kuli kochepa, mafuta mu silinda sangathe kuyatsa kwathunthu, ndipo gawo lina limatulutsidwa ngati chifunga, ndipo kuyaka sikukwanira pamene kutentha kwa injini kumawonjezeka.Kutaya utsi wakuda, chifukwa turbocharger imodzi yokha ndi yolakwika, mpweya wa ma silinda awiriwo ndi wosiyana kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utsi wotulutsa mpweya umabalalika pang'ono ndipo umakhala wokhazikika.Pali mbali ziwiri za mapangidwe a coke madipoziti: imodzi ndi kutayikira kwa mafuta a turbocharger , Chachiwiri ndi kuyaka kosakwanira kwa dizilo mu silinda.
KUSABULALA.Choyamba chotsani ma depositi a kaboni, ndiyeno m'malo mwa zisindikizo zamafuta a turbocharger.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa pakukonza ndi kusintha kwa injini ya dizilo, monga kusintha chilolezo cha valve pa nthawi, kuyeretsa fyuluta ya mpweya mu nthawi, ndi kukonza majekeseni kuti achepetse mapangidwe a carbon deposits.
2. Mafuta a turbocharger, olowetsa mafuta munjira ya mpweya
ZIZINDIKIRO.Injini ya dizilo ikayaka mwachizolowezi, zitha kuwoneka kuti chitoliro chotulutsa chimatulutsa yunifolomu komanso utsi wabuluu wopitilira.Pankhani ya kuyaka kwachilendo, zimakhala zovuta kuwona utsi wa buluu chifukwa cha kusokoneza utsi woyera kapena utsi wakuda.
KUYENDERA.Gwirani chivundikiro chomaliza cha chitoliro cholowetsa cha injini ya dizilo, zitha kuwoneka kuti pali mafuta pang'ono mupaipi yolowera.Pambuyo pochotsa supercharger, amapezeka kuti chisindikizo chamafuta chavala.
KUSANGALALA.Zosefera za mpweya ndizotsekeka kwambiri, kutsika kwapaintaneti kolowera kolowera ndikokulirapo, mphamvu zotanuka za mphete yamafuta a compressor end seal ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kapena kusiyana kwa axial ndikokulirapo, kuyikirako sikulakwa, ndipo kumataya kulimba kwake. , ndipo mapeto a compressor amasindikizidwa.Bowo la mpweya latsekedwa, ndipo mpweya woponderezedwa sungathe kulowa kumbuyo kwa choyipitsa cha compressor.
KUSABULALA.Zimapezeka kuti turbocharger ikutha mafuta, chisindikizo chamafuta chiyenera kusinthidwa panthawi yake, ndipo fyuluta ya mpweya iyenera kutsukidwa nthawi ngati kuli kofunikira, ndipo dzenje la mpweya liyenera kuchotsedwa.
3. kulimbikitsa kutsika kwamphamvu
chifukwa cha kusagwira ntchito bwino
1. Zosefera za mpweya ndi mpweya zimatsekedwa, ndipo kukana kwa mpweya kumakhala kwakukulu.
2. Njira yodutsa kompresa yawonongeka, ndipo chitoliro cha injini ya dizilo chikutsika.
3. Chitoliro chopopera cha injini ya dizilo chikutha, ndipo njira ya turbine yatsekedwa, zomwe zimawonjezera kuthamangitsidwa kwa m'mbuyo ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya turbine.
Chotsani
1. Yeretsani fyuluta ya mpweya
2. Sambani kompresa volute kuchotsa mpweya kutayikira.
3. Chotsani kutuluka kwa mpweya mu chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya ndikuyeretsa chipolopolo cha turbine.
4. Compressor ikukwera.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera
1. Njira yodutsa mpweya imatsekedwa, zomwe zimachepetsa kutuluka kwa mpweya wotsekedwa.
2. Ndime ya mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, kuphatikizapo mphete ya mphuno ya turbine casing, yatsekedwa.
3. Injini ya dizilo imagwira ntchito movutikira, monga kusinthasintha kwa katundu wambiri, kuzimitsa mwadzidzidzi.
Kupatula
1. Yeretsani zotsukira mpweya, zoziziritsa kukhosi, chitoliro cholowetsa ndi zina zofananira.
2. Yeretsani zigawo za turbine.
3. Pewani mikhalidwe yachilendo yogwirira ntchito panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, ndikugwira ntchito motsatira ndondomeko zogwirira ntchito.
4. Turbocharger ili ndi liwiro lochepa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera
1. Chifukwa cha kutayikira kwakukulu kwa mafuta, guluu wamafuta kapena ma depositi a kaboni amaunjikana ndikulepheretsa kuzungulira kwa turbine rotor.
2. Chodabwitsa cha maginito akugwedeza kapena kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mpweya wozungulira makamaka chifukwa cha kuvala koopsa kwa kunyamula kapena kugwira ntchito mopitirira-liwiro ndi kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti rotor ikhale yowonongeka ndi kuwonongeka.
3. Kutopa chifukwa chazifukwa izi:
A. Kusakwanira kolowera mafuta kukakamiza komanso kusapaka bwino;
B. Kutentha kwamafuta a injini ndikokwera kwambiri;
C. Mafuta a injini si oyera;
D. Rotor mphamvu mphamvu yawonongeka;
E. Chilolezo cha Msonkhano sichikukwaniritsa Zofunikira;
F. Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika ndi kugwira ntchito.
Chithandizo
1. Kuyeretsa.
2. Pangani disassembly ndi kuyang'ana, ndikusintha rotor ngati kuli kofunikira.
3. Dziwani chomwe chimayambitsa, chotsani zoopsa zobisika, ndipo sinthani ndi dzanja latsopano loyandama.
4. Supercharger imapanga phokoso losazolowereka.
chifukwa cha vuto
1. Kusiyana pakati pa chotengera cha rotor ndi choyikapo ndi chochepa kwambiri, chomwe chimayambitsa maginito.
2. Manja oyandama kapena pulasitiki amavalidwa kwambiri, ndipo rotor imakhala ndikuyenda kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maginito azipaka pakati pa choyikapo ndi choyikapo.
3. Chotsitsacho ndi chopunduka kapena shaft magazine yavala mozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mayendedwe a rotor awonongeke.
4. Madipoziti owopsa a kaboni mu turbine, kapena zinthu zakunja kugwera mu turbocharger.
5. Kuthamanga kwa kompresa kungathenso kutulutsa phokoso lachilendo.
Njira yothetsera
1. Yang'anani chilolezo choyenera, chotsani ndikufufuza ngati kuli kofunikira.
2. Yang'anani kuchuluka kwa kusambira kwa rotor, kugawanitsa ndikuyang'ana ngati kuli kofunikira, ndikuwunikanso chilolezo chonyamula.
3. Phatikizani ndikuyang'ana kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa rotor.
4. Kuchita disassembly, kuyendera ndi kuyeretsa.
5. Chotsani chodabwitsa cha opaleshoni.
Nthawi yotumiza: 19-04-21